The intelligent microgrid is a small and discrete independent system. It integrates distributed power, energy storage devices, energy replacement devices, related loads, and monitoring and protection devices into a small power distribution system. Autonomous systems that are protected and managed can operate either from an external grid or in isolation. According to electrical equipment experts, the smart microgrid itself can be regarded as a small power system with a complete power transmission and distribution function, which can achieve safe consumption of side-renewable energy. At the same time, the smart micro-grid itself is still a typical distributed. The power generation function system can improve the utilization rate of the terminal energy through scheduling between energy sources. It is also the trend of smart grid development.
1. What is a smart microgrid?
Micro Smart Grid is a new type of power grid that integrates renewable energy power generation technologies (wind power, photovoltaic power , biomass, tidal energy, etc.), energy management systems (EMS) and transmission and distribution infrastructure. It has improved energy efficiency, improved safety and reliability of power supply, reduced power loss of the power grid, and reduced environmental impact. Strengthening scientific research and technology, in-depth development and construction of smart micro-grid is conducive to expanding the large-scale access of distributed power and renewable energy, providing reliable supply to the load area, realizing an effective active distribution network, and promoting the transformation of smart micro-grid.
Intelligent microgrid features:
It can be monitored one by one using advanced measurement and sensing technology;
Predictable – reasonably predict and distribute power through model simulation and load flow analysis;
Controllable - effective control of monitoring status;
Compatible - access to distributed generation, adaptive processing technology;
Real-time analysis - data to information enhancement, optimized operation.
Second, the intelligent micro-grid two operating modes
Grid-connected mode: Under normal circumstances, the smart microgrid and the conventional distribution network are connected to the grid.
Island mode: When a grid fault is detected or the power quality does not meet the requirements, the smart microgrid will be disconnected from the grid in time to operate independently.
The voltage level of the intelligent microgrid is generally 380V~35KV, and the capacity ranges from a few KW to a few MK, which is closest to the user in the grid structure. Two modes of operation: running with a large grid, or disconnecting from the main network in the event of a grid failure or when needed, so it has a dual role:
For utility companies, smart microgrids can be seen as "cells" that are controllable by the power system, becoming a simple, schedulable load that is controlled. The response can be met in seconds to meet the needs of the grid system; for the user, the smart microgrid can be used as a customizable power source to meet the diverse needs of users. It enhances local power supply reliability, reduces feed loss, supports local voltage, improves primary energy utilization, provides correction for voltage sags, or acts as an uninterruptible power supply.
Third, the smart microgrid business model
Construction mode: formation and construction alliance; multiple investment entities; multiple forms of investment; complementary advantages of multiple parties; government participation, multi-participation, joint construction, and benefit sharing.
Operation management form: a learning-based and gradual business model based on big data analysis; the intelligent micro-grid management transaction center uses big data to analyze the benefits and contributions of various transaction entities, and the transaction entity determines the income distribution rules through negotiation, after multiple cycles. The corrections form a viable business model.
Intelligent microgrid internal operation value discovery: Intelligent microgrid operators as energy solution providers provide multi-energy comprehensive utilization services; intelligent micro-grid planning assessment, intelligent micro-grid construction, personalized customized energy supply services, energy optimization utilization services, etc. .
The commercial value of smart microgrids in the energy Internet: as an independent market entity, participating in the energy Internet. (Using green clean energy to participate in carbon trading; as an independent market entity, participating in electricity trading; providing various auxiliary services such as peak shaving; participating in global energy optimization, and integrating with energy Internet.)
Participate in energy trading: Provide customized energy services to users within the smart microgrid; as a power wholesaler to purchase electricity from the energy Internet trading platform.
Carbon emissions trading: Make full use of renewable energy and participate in the carbon trading market.
Grid interaction: Connect the smart microgrid to the active distribution network to achieve two-way flow of energy, extensive information interconnection, full user interaction, and multi-party cooperation and win-win.
Fourth, the purpose of developing smart microgrid in China
1. Maximum acceptance of distributed power supplies.
2. The intelligent microgrid integrates the original distributed distributed power, centrally accesses the same physical network, and uses energy storage devices and control protection devices to adjust in real time to smooth system fluctuations and maintain the balance between power generation and load within the network. Guarantee voltage and frequency stability. 3, energy saving, energy efficiency. The intelligent microgrid meets various requirements such as power supply, heating, refrigeration, humidity control and domestic water, and improves the efficiency of energy utilization. In addition, the participation of the energy storage unit facilitates the adjustment of the energy inside the system, and is efficient and reasonable. Use energy.
4. Solve power supply in areas without electricity. In areas suitable for rural China, smart microgrids of different scales should be formed in units of households and villages, and appropriate distributed power sources should be adopted according to local conditions.
5. Meet the user's personalized needs for power supply reliability. The intelligent microgrid has the early warning capability of real-time online monitoring to improve the reliability of the internal load power supply of the intelligent microgrid.
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