The actual luminous flux of an actual lighting fixture is usually in the range of thousands to tens of thousands of lumens. Currently, the luminous flux of a single high-end power white LED is only about 100 lumens. Therefore, semiconductor lighting fixtures usually consist of tens to hundreds of cluster white LEDs. In terms of current LED performance, the use of low-voltage, constant-current-driven cluster LEDs has caused semiconductor lighting fixtures to address the dissipating of large amounts of heat and power management issues caused by the conversion of AC mains to low-voltage constant current. In addition, the small light-pass and high-brightness luminescence characteristics of the conventional packaged power LEDs cause very severe glare. Therefore, semiconductor lighting technology is not limited to chip fabrication and packaging technology, but a system-level technology that includes optical design, heat and power management.
From LED epitaxial wafers to final lighting fixtures, a series of industrial chain links such as material epitaxy → chip fabrication → die encapsulation → luminaire design and assembly are required. On the one hand, from epitaxial wafers to final lighting and display applications, all aspects of the industry chain can form independent products with their own technical barriers and research and development needs; on the other hand, the quality of the terminal application products will be affected by each link. influences. For example, the core component of semiconductor lighting is an LED chip, but the luminous efficiency of the LED chip reaches 100lm/W, which is not equal to the efficiency of the semiconductor lighting fixture. It also reaches 100lm/W; more importantly, the semiconductor lighting product needs market recognition. Comprehensive performance, including luminaire efficiency, reliability, and human eye comfort, must have significant advantages over traditional lighting products. In other words, even if the efficiency of a semiconductor lighting fixture reaches 100 lm/W, it does not mean that it will be accepted by the market. There are still many scientific problems in semiconductor lighting itself, such as lighting effects and quality including color rendering and color. Product consistency, human eye comfort, etc.
Only when the development of technology makes semiconductor lighting fixtures have advantages over traditional light sources in terms of efficiency, lighting quality, and design novelty, semiconductor lighting is likely to enter and continue to open up the market. On the other hand, the expansion of the market will lead to an increase in production and an increase in industry R&D investment, accelerating technological progress, resulting in improved performance and a gradual decline in cost and price. The above two processes alternated and reciprocated, eventually leading to the rapid development of the semiconductor lighting industry.
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