Direct methanol fuel cells are one of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which use methanol aqueous solution or steam methanol directly as a fuel supply source, without hydrogen production from methanol, gasoline and natural gas for power generation. Compared with proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) have the characteristics of low temperature fast start, clean fuel and environmental protection, and simple battery structure. This makes direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) a mainstream for future portable electronics applications.
Methanol fuel cell principle
A direct methanol fuel cell is a variant of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that uses methanol directly without prior reforming. Methanol is converted to carbon dioxide, protons and electrons at the anode. Like a standard proton exchange membrane fuel cell, protons react with oxygen at the cathode through a proton exchange membrane, and electrons pass through an external circuit to the cathode and work.
Direct methanol fuel cells are one of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which use methanol aqueous solution or steam methanol directly as a fuel supply source, without hydrogen production from methanol, gasoline and natural gas for power generation. Compared with proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) have the characteristics of low temperature fast start, clean fuel and environmental protection, and simple battery structure. This makes direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) a mainstream for future portable electronics applications.
During the operation of the direct methanol fuel cell, a certain concentration of methanol solution passes through the anode flow field structure of the battery. During the flow of the liquid, the methanol solution passes through the anode diffusion layer and is oxidized to the anode catalytic layer. Through the proton exchange membrane, protons as reaction products migrate to the cathode side, and electrons are transferred from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, and work is performed externally in the process. At the same time, under the action of the electrolyte in the anode MEA, the CO2 gas is discharged as a bubble in the anode flow field with the methanol solution. On the cathode side of the battery, the air or oxygen uniformly distributed in the flow field structure of the cathode current collector diffuses into the cathode catalytic layer, is electrochemically reduced by protons from the anode, and the generated water vapor or liquid form water leaves with the reaction tail gas. The cathode flow field of the battery.
The battery has a desired operating temperature of 120 ° C or less, which is slightly higher than a standard proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and its efficiency is about 40%.
A direct methanol fuel cell is a variant of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that uses methanol directly without prior reforming. Methanol is converted to carbon dioxide and hydrogen at the anode, and like a standard proton exchange membrane fuel cell, hydrogen is then reacted with oxygen.
Advantages and disadvantages of methanol fuel cells
Advantage
1, small size
2. Convenient fuel use
3, clean and environmental protection
4, the theoretical energy ratio is high
defect
1. Low energy conversion rate
2, performance degradation fast
3, high cost
Basic condition
Total reaction formula: 2CH4O + 3O2 + 4OH-= 2CO32- + 6H2O
Positive electrode: 3O2 + 12e– + 6H20 → 12OH–
Negative electrode: 2CH4O - 12e– + 16OH~ → 2CO32- + 12H2O
Acidic condition
The overall reaction is the same as above: 2CH4O + 3O2 + 4OH-= 2CO32- + 6H2O
Positive: 3O2 + 12e– + 12H+ → 6H2O
Negative electrode: 2CH4O - 12e– + 2H2O → 12H+ + 2CO2
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