Six major trends in lithium ion capacitors
Lithium-ion capacitors, as a new type of high-end power supply components, have not been developed for a long time, but they have a rapid development momentum. The application fields are expanding and the market demand continues to grow. Its development trend is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. Lithium-Ion Capacitors are derivatives of electric double-layer capacitors, and they are even more superior in performance. In the future, they will form competitive alternatives with supercapacitors, and the prospects are bright.
2. The research and development of lithium ion capacitors is mainly focused on foreign countries, especially Japan, and has formed several companies that are capable of industrialization. The application market will first start abroad.
3. The overall R&D of China's lithium-ion capacitors is lagging behind. There are few R&D units and the results are far from being used for industrialization. It is precisely because of the small number of R&D units and the low degree of concern that preemptive starters have more opportunities. If domestic enterprises can introduce the existing domestic and foreign mature technological achievements and industrialize them, they will obtain first-mover advantage.
4. Double-layer capacitors are currently emerging as new types of energy storage devices in China, and it is not realistic for Li-ion capacitors to replace them in the short term.
5. Lithium-ion capacitors have a wide range of applications, especially in emerging energy fields such as wind power generation, solar street lighting, and electric vehicles. Due to the environmental characteristics of lithium ion capacitors, if combined with these industries, it will form an effective carrier for China's green energy.
6. According to the development process of supercapacitors, it is expected that the industrialization of lithium ion capacitors in the international market will start in 2011, and the domestic market will start to lag 3-5 years.
Lithium Ion Capacitor (LIC) is a new type of power element that has been introduced in the new century with a much higher energy density than an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC), and has broad prospects for development. Lithium-ion capacitors use the principle of an electric double-layer capacitor in design. In the structure, a combination of a negative electrode material of a lithium ion rechargeable battery (LIB) and a positive electrode material of an electric double layer capacitor is used, and lithium ions are added to the negative electrode at the same time. This greatly increases the energy density of the capacitor. The development of global lithium-ion capacitors began in the early 21st century. In 2005, it was productized and mass production began in 2008. Asahi Kasei Electronics, ACT, NEC, JM Energy, and Sun Yutse Electric are developing lithium-ion capacitor products. It is expected that the scale will be formed in 2013 and it will be popularized by 2020.
Progressively practical
• It is expected that lithium-ion capacitors will be officially industrialized from 2010 to 2011.
• Lithium-ion capacitors are gradually replacing electric double-layer capacitors in some special fields such as wind power generation, street lamp batteries, and power generation and industrial equipment.
According to market research companies, the current market size of world super capacitors is about 3 billion yuan. As a new type of supercapacitor, lithium ion capacitors are expected to be officially industrialized from 2010 to 2011. The market scale will reach 600 million yuan in 2020, and the annual shipment volume will reach 40 million units.
Lithium-ion capacitors are gradually replacing electric double-layer capacitors in some special fields: First, in the field of wind power generation. Japan's ZEPHYR company has installed lithium ion capacitor modules in 21 small-scale wind power generation equipment used in offshore natural gas field equipment (drilling platforms) along the coast of Fukushima Prefecture. The capacitor module is installed between the windmill and the inverter. When the wind gradually becomes larger, it can absorb the power generation and act as a buffer memory. When the power generation abruptly stops, the power stored in the capacitor can be used to smoothly Supply power to the inverter.
The second is in the field of street lamp batteries. L-Kougen has developed street lamps that incorporate LED lighting, solar panels, and lithium-ion capacitors. The company's trial products were tested in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. The results show that this street light is not only maintenance-free for a long time, but also lighter in weight, so it can be easily installed on existing lighting fixtures. The third is in the field of power generation and industrial equipment. Lithium-ion capacitor manufacturers all plan to use lithium-ion capacitors as storage devices for peak current auxiliary devices and regenerative power supplies in applications such as uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS) and construction elevators. If a capacitor is used to assist the peak current, the overall system can be miniaturized by the reduction in the size of the main power supply, so that the lithium ion capacitor can be used as an auxiliary power source in construction machinery and industrial robots. Lithium ion capacitors are also being considered as backup power sources for automotive and electronic control equipment.
New product launches
• Composite lithium ion capacitors achieve about 3 times the energy density compared to electric double layer capacitors.
• The new hybrid water-based lithium-ion capacitor is expected to be the most suitable auxiliary power source for fuel cell vehicles and the power source for short-range electric vehicles.
As lithium ion capacitor manufacturing technology continues to improve, lithium ion capacitors with new features and new features continue to emerge.
First, fast charge lithium ion capacitor.
The new lithium-ion capacitor developed by Japan's Taiyo Electric Co., Ltd. can be charged in just 30 seconds, and its advantages of being fully charged quickly will allow it to have great potential for application in many fields. For example, a lithium-ion capacitor that can be fully charged in 30 seconds can drive an electric shaver for about 5 minutes to ease the immediate needs of office workers.
At present, lithium ion capacitors are mainly used as power sources for various small toys and measuring instruments. They can also be used as storage power sources in conjunction with solar cells or generators. People's daily movement can cause lithium ions to move between the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion capacitor, so that the lithium ion capacitor is continuously charged and discharged. In the future, if a music player uses such a lithium-ion capacitor, people can listen to music while exercising without using any other power source.
Second, high temperature lithium ion capacitor.
FDK Corporation of Japan exhibited the lithium ion capacitor "EneCapTen" under development in April 2007. The capacitors developed by FDK this time are characterized by high temperature load characteristics and low self-discharge. In terms of high temperature load characteristics, by setting the maximum voltage in a 60° C. environment to 3.6 V, the capacity will hardly decrease even if it exceeds 4000 hours. In terms of self-discharge, the self-discharge characteristics are improved, and even if it exceeds 4,000 hours, the voltage hardly decreases, which was difficult to achieve in the prior art double-layer capacitors.
Third, the composite lithium ion capacitor.
In March 2009, the Graduate School of Tokyo A&M University announced that it has developed a negative-electrode lithium-ion capacitor that is a composite of carbon nanofibers (CNF) and LTO. Compared with conventional double-layer capacitors using activated carbon. About 3 times the energy density is achieved. Its greatest feature is that although the use of LTO with a content of up to 80% to 85%, the electronic conduction path is still ensured. Therefore, even when discharged at high rates, the capacitor maintenance rate is still quite high.
Fourth, high specific energy, high power, long life, low cost new hybrid water-based lithium ion capacitors.
Fudan University invented a new type of “rocking chair†hybrid capacitor system for water systems. The negative electrode uses activated carbon, and the positive electrode uses spinel-type lithium manganate (now the cathode material for power lithium ion batteries) and aqueous electrolytes.
It has the characteristics of high specific energy, high power, long life, low cost and high security. The overall performance exceeds any existing capacitor, including the AC/Ni(OH)2 system. Because its production process is basically the same as AC/Ni(OH)2, and low-cost lithium manganate is used, the production cost will be greatly reduced and huge economic benefits will be brought. In addition, because it is expected to be the most suitable auxiliary power source for fuel cell vehicles, the power source for short-range electric vehicles, and the direct use of solar natural energy from a hybrid energy storage system composed of solar cells, it has broad application prospects.
Fifth, high energy density, large capacity, small-sized lithium ion capacitors.
Japanese companies that dominate the market for capacitors and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are also leading the industry in lithium ion capacitor development. JMEnergy Company took the lead in constructing a special factory. By the end of 2008, it had begun commercial production with a capacity of 300,000 units per month. At the same time, ACT Corporation of Japan also introduced Premlis products with an energy density of more than 40Wh/L, and has been used as an auxiliary power storage device in uninterrupted power systems and power generation equipment. Japan's NEC Dongjin Corporation released a trial product with an electrostatic capacity of 1000F. FDK Corporation of Japan is committed to the development of module control circuits that can eliminate unit deviations to extend the service life. Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. has developed a large cylindrical unit with an electrostatic capacity of 900F and a diameter of 40mm, which is suitable for automotive and industrial applications. Zhaorong Electronics is developing small cylindrical products for small devices and home appliances.
Market prospects
• Excessive prices for lithium ion capacitors have hindered popularization of applications and it is necessary to reduce prices.
• Large-capacity capacitors are used in a large number as auxiliary and backup power supplies generated in conjunction with electronics in automobiles, power generation equalization devices in natural energy power generation such as solar power generation, and the like.
Although lithium-ion capacitors have some attractive value-added advantages due to their advantages of miniaturization, on the one hand, their slightly too high prices have hindered the popularization of applications. When the overall market capacity is limited, it is particularly necessary to reduce prices; on the other hand, The price of double-layer capacitors in its competitive products is declining. According to investigations, according to the calculation of the electrostatic capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor, the current price is 3.3 yen/F, and it is expected to fall to 1.24 yen/F in 2020. At present, the price of lithium ion capacitors is about 5 yen/F, and it will take some time to reach the price level equivalent to that of electric double layer capacitors. However, all manufacturers believe that as long as the official mass production, the price can be equal to the double layer capacitors.
In mass production, materials are very important to ensure the stability of battery quality. In this regard, double-layer capacitor manufacturers have also been working hard, and lithium-ion capacitors have also been able to catch up overnight. It seems that there will be a gap between the two.
In the LIC market, there are eight Japanese companies planning to participate, and it is expected that the mass production system will be further improved in the future. European automotive manufacturers are also actively taking measures and expect that demand will be released in 2012-2013. However, Yano's economic analysis believes that both the LIC and the original electric double layer capacitors will be tested in the future for their characteristics and pricing.
In addition, experts also predict that large-capacity capacitors will be used in large quantities as auxiliary and backup power sources for electronic vehicles in automobiles, power generation leveling devices for natural energy power generation such as solar power generation, and instantaneous voltage drop compensation devices and uninterruptible power supplies. The use of equipment (UPS) and the storage of railway renewable energy is also worth looking forward to, and it can also be used as a power source for various emergency power sources and small portable devices.
Due to the good reusability of the LIC, the trouble of replacement and maintenance is reduced, and it is expected to be applied to outdoor renewable energy storage systems.
1.0mm (.039") Female Headers
Overview
Whenever there is a need for fitting small-sized connectors in compact devices, the 1.0mm pitch female header, or sometimes referred to as header connector, is ideally suited for this application. Not only does this female header space-savvy, but it is also designed for vacuum pick and place that makes it suitable for high volume automated manufacturing.Antenk offers these low profile, easy-install, SMT or THM miniature female connector plugs at high quality and affordable China-quoted price, for board-to-board connection, snuggly fitting the pins of a male header and acting as a receptacle.
Assembly and service is simple with either vertical (straight), elevated or at a right angle configuration/orientation, which can dissipate current of about 1.0 A or less in a tape and reel packaging. The filleted corners can also remove shadowing allowing optimization of LED output.
Also, the 1.0mm pitch female headers are made to work in Arduino boards, Arduino Pro and Arduino Mega with either single or double-row female headers, facilitating connections for programming and incorporation into other circuits. They have the perfect height for clearing the USB-B connector and great for stacking multiple shields.
Female header always called as [Header connector", Antenk provide widely range of header connector, from 2.54mm (.100″ inch) pitch to 1.0mm (.039″ inch) pitch. The number of pins (contacts) is from 2 to 40 pins per orw. There are three type: Straight (Dip Vertical), Right angle, SMT (surface mount).
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Applications of 1.0mm Pitch Female Headers
Its small size is most suitable for PCB connections of small equipment and devices such as:
Arduino Boards
Architectural and sign lighting
Retail and display lighting
Fluorescent LED retrofit lighting
Cabinet or furniture lighting
Commercial / residential cove lighting
WiFi equipment
Gaming consoles,
Measurement instruments
Medical Diagnostic and Monitoring equipment
Communications: Telecoms and Datacoms
Industrial and Automotive Control and Test
Mount Type: Through-hole vs Surface Mount
At one side of this female header is a series of pins which can either be mounted and soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB (SMT) or placed into drilled holes on the PCB (THM).
Best used for high-reliability products that require stronger connections between layers.
Aerospace and military products are most likely to require this type of mounting as these products experience extreme accelerations, collisions, or high temperatures.
Useful in test and prototyping applications that sometimes require manual adjustments and replacements.
1.0mm vertical single row female header, 1.0mm vertical dual row female header, 1.0mm Elevated single row female header, 1.0mm Elevated dual row female Header, 1.0mm right-angle single row female header and 1.0mm right-angle dual row female header are some examples of Antenk products with through-hole mount type.
Surface-Mount
The most common electronic hardware requirements are SMT.
Essential in PCB design and manufacturing, having improved the quality and performance of PCBs overall.
Cost of processing and handling is reduced.
SMT components can be mounted on both side of the board.
Ability to fit a high number of small components on a PCB has allowed for much denser, higher performing, and smaller PCBs.
1.0mm Right-angle Dual Row female header, 1.0mm SMT Single row female header, 1.0mm SMT Dual row female header and 1.0mm Elevated Dual Row female Header are Antenk`s SMT female headers.
Soldering Temperature for 1.0mm Pitch Female Headers
Soldering SMT female connectors can be done at a maximum peak temperature of 260°C for maximum 60 seconds.
Orientation/Pin-Type: Vertical (Straight) and Right-Angle
1.0mm pitch female headers may be further classified into pin orientation as well, such as vertical or straight male header or right-angle female header.
Vertical or Straight Female Header Orientation
One side of the series of pins is connected to PCB board in which the pins can be at a right-angle to the PCB surface (usually called "straight" or [vertical") or.
Right-Angle Female Header Orientation
Parallel to the board's surface (referred to as "right-angle" pins).
Each of these pin-types have different applications that fit with their specific configuration.
PCB Connector Stacking
Profile Above PCB
This type of configuration is the most common way of connecting board-to-board by a connector. First, the stacking height is calculated from one board to another and measured from the printed circuit board face to its highest insulator point above the PCB.
Elevated Sockets/Female Headers
Elevated Sockets aka Stacked sockets/receptacles or Mezzanine are simply stacked female headers providing an exact distance requirement between PCBs that optimizes electrical reliability and performance between PCB boards.
Choosing this type of stacking configuration promotes the following benefits:
Connector Isolation - the contacts are shrouded preventing cable connection mishaps and good guidance for the mating header connectors.
For off-the-shelf wireless PCB module, stacking height is optimized with elevated sockets.
Offers superior strength and rigidity.
Polarisation prevents users from inverted insertion.
Single, Dual or Multiple Number of Rows
For a 1.0mm straight or vertical female header, the standard number of rows that Antenk offers ranges from 1 to 2 rows. However, customization can be available if 3 ,4 or n number of rows is needed by the customer. Also, the number of contacts for the single row is about 2-40 pins while for dual row, the number contacts may vary from 2-80 pins.
Pin Material
The pins of the connector attached to the board have been designed with copper alloy. With customer`s demand the pins can be made gold plated.
Custom 1.0mm Pitch Female Headers
Customizable 1.0 mm pitch female headers are also available, making your manufacturing process way faster as the pins are already inserted in the headers, insulator height is made at the right size and the accurate pin length you require is followed.
Parts are made using semi-automated manufacturing processes that ensure both precision and delicacy in handling the headers before packaging on tape and reel.
Tape and Reel Packaging for SMT Components
Antenk's SMT headers are offered with customizable mating pin lengths, in which each series has multiple number of of circuits, summing up to a thousand individual part number combinations per connector series.
The tape and reel carrier strip ensures that the headers are packaged within accurately sized cavities for its height, width and depth, securing the headers from the environment and maintaining consistent position during transportation.
Antenk also offer a range of custom Tape and reel carrier strip packaging cavities.
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ShenZhen Antenk Electronics Co,Ltd , https://www.atkconnectors.com