Recently, according to foreign media reports, Russia is developing ultra-stable optical storage technology, which can create a new type of optical disc that stores data for 1 million years under certain conditions. The ability to store data for 1 million years is almost impossible to achieve at the current level of technology. Even using today’s technology-leading Blu-ray discs, data can only be stored for about 60 years.
The reporter Fu Lili
Glebov is testing the stability of this "permanent disc" prototype (lower right).
“This prototype of the 'permanent CD' has already been prepared.†In an interview with the media, Ivan Glebov, director of the Laser Nanoglass Laboratory at the Russian Advanced Research Projects Foundation, said.
So, what exactly is the "permanent disc"? Compared with ordinary optical disks, what are their technical advantages?
Nanostructured glass discs
“This type of optical disc is a nanostructured glass optical disc that employs femtosecond laser input technology to convert nanoglass materials into storage media for recording and retrieving five-dimensional (5D) data, theoretically capable of storing billions of data. Years or even billions of years.†On January 9, Hu Bing, deputy general manager of Marketing Center of Hualuoguang Storage Research Institute (Dalian) Co., Ltd., said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily.
Hu Bing introduced that this is actually the technology of the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom. In theory, this type of disc can withstand temperatures of up to 1000 degrees Celsius, and the disc can be stored permanently at room temperature.
According to media reports, the laser nanoglass laboratory has now produced a prototype of a "permanent disc." Glebov said that scientists have deposited test files for determining error rates and coding efficiency. Of course, they also put in some actual data.
At the same time, the lab is also testing the stability of prototype discs to verify their ability to protect data under different conditions. Glebov said that in tests such as high temperatures (up to 900-1000 degrees Celsius) and drastic cooling (throwing discs at the above temperature into the water), the state of the disc can be simulated in case of sudden fire and extinguishing. In addition, they tested the resistance of the prototype disc to the external environment and observed the performance of the disc under conditions of high humidity, high acid, high alkali, and electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation.
“The protective layer of polymeric material on the disc makes it scratch-resistant and scratch-resistant, so scratches on the surface of the disc will not affect data storage. However, if you use a hammer to hit, the disc still can not withstand.†Glebov said with a smile.
“Although people have shown great interest in this new type of optical disc, it is still in the experimental stage and there is still a certain distance from mass production,†Hu Bing emphasized.
Blu-ray is superior to existing storage technology
Hard disks, magnetic tapes, Blu-ray discs, etc. These are commonly used storage media. The corresponding storage devices are disk arrays, tape libraries, and Blu-ray disc libraries. "The characteristics of these storage methods are different." Hu Bing said.
Specifically, hard disk storage can rapidly record and read data and meet the need for fast data access online. It is currently the mainstream storage method. Its reading and writing speed is fast, and it can quickly perform operations such as storing, querying, and retrieving data, and the reading and writing speed can reach 400MB/s. However, the disk life is short, generally only 3 to 5 years, and the disk requires a higher environmental requirement.
Tape storage is also a magnetic storage method. In general, the tape library is mainly located at the terminal where data is stored offline, and it can meet the demand for large-capacity recording of data. However, tape storage requires high preservation environment. Changes in temperature, humidity, and magnetic field can lead to deformation, degradation, adhesion, and moldiness of the tape.
And magnetization, and rewind every 2 to 3 years, poor compatibility.
"Comparatively, Blu-ray storage has made a breakthrough in the development of new-generation storage technology compared with CD/DVD technology. It has achieved a technological leap in both storage media and storage devices," said Hu Bing, in terms of storage media. It uses "inorganic phase change material" to record data, which is more stable than CD/DVD's "organic pigment" technology and has a longer storage time.
Hu Bing said that Blu-ray storage is more reliable and has a long service life. High-quality optical storage media can be used for about 50 years. Compared with several storage media such as semiconductor memory, hard disk, and magnetic tape, the optical disk has the advantage of low cost per unit of storage capacity. Currently, the capacity of a single Blu-ray Disc has reached 300GB, and it is expected to reach 500GB in two years. Using multiple storage technologies such as multilayer, multi-stage, multi-dimensional, and nano-super-resolution, the storage density of optical storage can be increased to TB level. In addition, optical storage technology is particularly suitable for long-term secure storage of large amounts of cold data.
At the same time, Blu-ray storage has low requirements for the preservation environment. It consumes almost no energy when it saves information, consumes energy only when reading and writing, and does not require air-conditioning to dissipate heat. Blu-ray storage has high security, anti-natural disasters, anti-magnetic storms, anti-human data deletion and other advantages.
"Permanent storage" is only a theoretical concept
At present, Panasonic, Sony, DISC and other international companies have developed their own Blu-ray optical storage systems. Internet giants such as Facebook (Facebook) also began using optical storage systems to solve data storage problems.
In the view of Hu Bing, the use of optical storage systems has become a common method for solving mass data storage internationally.
In China, with the double-sided disc technology and track spacing reduction technology, related companies have achieved a single-platter 300GB storage capacity. Take China Hualu Group as an example, it has built a 300GB single-disc production line in Dalian. Using CD-ROM packaging technology can make the size of a single disc comparable to the size of a single hard disk, and the storage capacity can reach 3.6TB. Hierarchical and multi-tier technologies enable single-disk TB and 10 TB class storage capacity.
"Not only will Blu-ray media capacity increase year by year, but with the popularity of Blu-ray Disc applications, the cost-effectiveness of its one-time purchase will also be better than that of hard disks and tapes." Hu Bing said that in terms of the development and application of Blu-ray Disc Library technology, Currently, we have achieved a single rack of 2PB capacity, with a single rack power of less than 200 watts and a standby power of less than 10 watts. Both the medium and the equipment are at the leading level in the world.
In this case, can "permanent storage" be achieved?
Hu Bing believes that ultra-high density optical storage technology represents the future direction of optical storage. Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, various storage technologies aim to increase storage capacity, density, reliability, and data transfer rate to meet the growing demand for storage.
Currently, holographic storage, storage of blue light, and storage based on super-resolution near-field structures are the main research directions. In the long run, the expansion of Blu-ray technology will be combined with multi-stage, super-resolution near-field structures, and multi-wavelength technologies, so as to further expand storage capacity to meet future development needs.
"'Permanent storage' is only a theoretical concept. In fact, under the specific storage conditions, the existing optical storage technology can theoretically achieve 'permanent storage'. However, the study of optical storage technology focuses on the storage application of actual data. In addition to the technology itself, there are many factors that need to be considered such as cost, implementation, marketing, etc.†Hu Bing emphasized.
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