a general rule
1. The museum is the collection, protection, research, display and publicity of various cultural relics, natural specimens and artworks. In order to properly protect these precious historical and cultural properties, they must be protected from optical radiation (including visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation) as much as possible; in order to create a good visual environment for the audience, it is necessary to improve the exhibits. The illumination, the damage caused by optical radiation to the exhibits will increase accordingly. Solving and handling this contradiction and achieving the goal of being both beneficial to viewing and beneficial to protection is the starting point and destination of this Code.
In addition, there are no museum lighting design standards in China so far, which causes many problems in the lighting of museums. Since the reform and opening up, China has continued to have new constructions, and the new museum often imitates existing museums when lighting design. There are still many problems in lighting. In order to provide lighting design basis for the construction of the new building and the renovation of the old building, it is also urgent to prepare this specification.
This specification mainly deals with the artificial lighting design of museums. However, most of the museums in China still rely on natural lighting, supplemented by artificial lighting. In order to protect the exhibits, this specification also proposes the principles of natural lighting design in the showroom.
2. Describe the scope of application of this specification. Among them, the reconstruction includes expansion. For the use of ancient or old buildings, the lighting design should also be carried out with reference to this specification on the premise of ensuring the safety of ancient or old buildings.
The museum referred to in this Code is a museum in a broad sense. In addition to the museums in the ordinary sense, it also includes other collections, cultural relics, natural specimens and works of art memorials, exhibition halls, art galleries, exhibition halls, etc.
3. Describe the principles that must be observed in museum lighting design.
4. Describe the relationship between this specification and other standards.
Two terms
1. The term is taken from the People's Republic of China industry standard "Building Lighting Terminology Standards"
Three illumination standard
1. The data of this illuminance standard is based on the survey results of the current situation of China's museum lighting and China's current technical and economic level and reference to China's "Museum Architectural Design Code", "Civil Architectural Lighting Design Standards", "Industrial Enterprise Lighting Design Standards" As well as the lighting standards of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and several major developed countries' museums and galleries.
The current situation of the lighting of Chinese museums and the current technical and economic level in China
Through the survey of the current status of museums and art galleries in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Jinan, Changsha, Kunming, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Foshan, etc., the results can be summarized as follows:
1. There are three main forms of museum construction: one is specially designed, the other is to directly use the general exhibition hall, and the third is to use other ancient buildings.
2. There are three ways to illuminate: one is based on natural lighting, supplemented by artificial lighting, which accounts for a large proportion; the other is the combination of natural lighting and artificial lighting; the third is all artificial lighting. This type has a small proportion and has a short history in China, only about 20 years.
3. There are four ways of natural lighting: one is high side window lighting; the other is side window lighting; the third is high side window and side window coexist; the fourth is skylight lighting.
4. There are five ways of artificial lighting: one is general lighting; the other is regional lighting combined with general lighting; the third is directional area lighting; the fourth is directional area lighting combined with general lighting; the fifth is showcase lighting.
5. Lighting level 1) It is mainly based on natural lighting and artificial lighting; the illumination on the screen or exhibit is as high as 19001x, and it varies greatly depending on the location of the exhibition room, climatic conditions and display time; 2) Natural lighting combined with artificial lighting; its lighting level varies with the position of the lighting window and the occlusion, and the change is also large; 3) All artificial lighting: the illumination on the screen or exhibit is up to 2001x-3001x, the lowest is 401x about.
6. Lamps and lamps: The lamps are mainly fluorescent and incandescent, and fluorescent lamps account for a large proportion. Most of the luminaires use general-purpose luminaires that are sold in the market.
7. Showcase lighting: The light source in most exhibition halls is not well blocked, and the phenomenon of primary and secondary reflection is more serious.
8. Protection and storage of exhibits: Most showrooms have no UV protection measures, and the conditions of cultural relics are generally poor.
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