In the global energy transformation movement, OEMs from all over the world have come up with their own technology to respond to increasingly stringent emission standards. In the process, there is a focus on pure electric like Tesla, as well as a sturdy selection of hybrids like Volvo, and a study of plug-in hybrids like Audi. Although the results have blossomed all the time, when it comes to mass production, manufacturers have found that things are far from simple.
Pure electric power has the best emission reduction effect, but it is limited by the current battery technology. There is still a certain gap between the actual use experience and the fuel vehicle. Hybrid power is a good method, but the complicated structure and relatively high cost also let Many car companies are holding hands. On the one hand is the approaching restriction policy, and on the other side is the fuel car that has already been designed. Automakers are in desperate need of a car that doesn't have to be handed over and can effectively reduce fuel consumption. As a result, the 48V hybrid system shook the dust and stood out from the corner of the box.
What is a 48V hybrid?
Hyundai 48V Mild Hybrid engine
The 48V hybrid is also known as the Mild Hybrid. Although there is no clear standardization, in the world automotive industry, most practitioners are used to refer to hybrid technologies such as Toyota, Ford, and General as "Strong Hybrid" (that is, we generally refer to hybrid technology in a broad sense). Hereinafter referred to as generalized hybrid power, a technology such as automatic start and stop that requires only 12V voltage can be called "Micro Hybrid". Therefore, the sandwiched 48V hybrid technology naturally became the "Mild Hybrid".
The basic principle of the 48V hybrid is the same as the generalized hybrid technology of Toyota Ford, which is operated in parallel with the internal combustion engine to provide additional driving force and kinetic energy recovery. But the difference is that the 48V hybrid has a smaller footprint, lighter weight, lower cost, and easier deployment. Compared to the 12V voltage Micro Hybrid, the 48V hybrid technology has better fuel economy and greater functionality.
The birth of 48V has gone through roughAt the time of the birth of the car, there was no circuit system. After all, the car was illuminated by kerosene lamps and did not need electricity. The first battery in the car was started in 1918, but at that time, the 6V circuit system was commonly used, and the battery capacity was much smaller. Subsequently, with the development of technology on the car, people not only have the headlights, but also began to deploy some entertainment and leisure features in the car, such as tape drives that have been eliminated in recent years. At this time, a 6V circuit system has begun to fail to support the huge demand for power in the vehicle. So in the 1950s, engineers changed the car's 6V system to the 12V system that continues today.
The world's first car - 1886 Benz Patent-Motorwagen
In the more than 60 years since the 12V system was in use, automotive engineers have long proposed the concept of a 36V system. They believe that using three sets of 12V batteries in series can get a 36V battery pack. This system can completely replace the 12V battery at that time, meeting the needs of more electrical equipment. But because the changes in the circuit system will involve the replacement of hundreds of parts in the car, no one is willing to bear the "abrupt" cost increase for automakers and component suppliers. Moreover, at that time, the world did not pay so much attention to the emission problem of the car, so the design of the 36V system eventually failed to materialize.
Toyota Hybrid System - THS II
Until recently, countries have put forward standards that limit fuel consumption and emissions of 100 kilometers, making many American and German car companies unprepared. At this time, the development of pure electric technology can not only reduce the cost, but the technical achievements in the internal combustion engine will also disappear. The research and development of generalized hybrid technology has the “technical barrier†of Japanese automakers. Moreover, the generalized hybrid technology also needs research and development. The new platform to support, far from being able to hydrolyze thirst. Therefore, after being refurbished for a long time, the 36V system that has been put on hold for a long time has returned to the rivers and lakes with a new look of 48V hybrid power.
The advantages are obvious and the disadvantages are obvious
Audi 48V Mild Hybrid
Compared with the 12V electric system and the generalized hybrid system, the 48V system has obvious advantages:
More secure: In our physics knowledge from elementary school, it has always been considered that the safety voltage is below 36V. But in high-voltage electric vehicles, this safety value is not scientific. On the one hand, there is a large individual difference in the resistance of human body resistance, and the resistance values ​​of fat, thin, tall, old, and young are different. On the other hand, the environment in which humans are exposed will also have an effect on the resistance of the human body. In humid summers, the body resistance will become smaller, while in dry winters, the resistance will increase. According to various factors, it is generally considered that the DC voltage below 60V and the AC voltage below 25V are safe voltages.
Low cost: The nominal voltage of the 48V hybrid itself is below 60V. Even if the voltage fluctuation caused by the high SOC is calculated, the voltage peak of the 48V hybrid system will not exceed 58V, so no additional voltage protection measures are needed. Relative to the "Strong Hybrid" mentioned above, the cost is lower.
Highly versatile: The 48V system is compatible with more different types of electrical equipment, such as the growing entertainment screen and complex vehicle central control systems in the automotive field today. At the same time, 48V provides a larger capacity battery, which can load the air conditioner compressor, cooling water pump and other equipment that rely on the engine to load on the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle through the battery. This can not only effectively reduce the load of the engine, but also shut down the engine. Use these high power devices in case.
Reduce emissions: Thanks to BSG technology and ISG technology, the 48V hybrid system can further reduce the size of the engine and thus reduce emissions. At the same time, the use of electric turbines instead of mechanical turbines can further increase engine efficiency. The 48V hybrid system can realize the functions of taxi start and stop, kinetic energy recovery and auxiliary acceleration, which effectively avoid unnecessary consumption of fuel. Compared to general-purpose hybrid vehicles, the 48V hybrid system requires only 30% of the cost and can achieve around 70%. It is quite cost-effective in terms of cost performance.
Audi 48V Mild Hybrid
Similarly, his disadvantages are obvious compared to its advantages.
The 48V voltage is more prone to arcing than the 12V voltage. If long-term hot swapping may affect the life of the electronic device.
Even if the cost of the hybrid system is much lower, the full update of the vehicle equipment brought by the 48V hybrid system will affect the terminal price of the final vehicle.
Where is the 48V way out?Nowadays, more and more car companies and suppliers are paying attention to the 48V hybrid system. Suppliers such as Bosch, Continental and AVL have also released their own 48V solutions. However, compared with general hybrid technology, 48V hybrid is not considered as “hybrid technology†in many countries and regions, and cannot enjoy welfare policies and subsidies. For example, in the Chinese auto market, because the 48V hybrid system cannot enter the new energy catalog, naturally there is no way to enjoy preferential measures such as new energy vehicle licenses. This has also led to the fact that such technologies are currently only installed on some mid- to high-end luxury models to reduce certain fuel consumption, such as Audi A8 and Mercedes-Benz S-class, but not in the low-end models.
Although there are many OEMs that have begun to deploy 48V hybrid models, from the chart point of view, most of the car manufacturers eventually point to mass production in 2020. Perhaps for these manufacturers, 48V is only a "small skill" to temporarily solve the emission problem, and ultimately it is necessary to rely on generalized hybrid and pure electric to enter the new energy market.
New Mercedes-Benz S-Class
In the current automotive industry, the future of the 48V hybrid system still has some confusion. Some people think that the 48V hybrid system is not so much a "hybrid" as it is an upgrade of a 12V electric system. In the future, the 48V hybrid system will completely replace the functions of the 12V system and become the standard circuit for vehicles. Others say that the 48V hybrid system has a good development prospect. With the development of battery technology and the optimization of the power system, the future 48V hybrid system will be compiled by the generalized hybrid system and become the entry-level model. Low-end hybrid products. But if you want to talk about the Chinese market, I can only worry about the future of the 48V hybrid system. After all, the future of China's market belongs to pure electric vehicles or clean fuel vehicles. Even hybrid vehicles are just transitional products of the times, let alone a small 48V?
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Operating temperature: -20 ℃ 60 ℃
Rated voltage: 0 - 500V Frequency: 50Hz - 60Hz
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